Glossary
Misinformation
False or misleading information that is spread without the intent to deceive. Misinformation can contribute to harmful stereotypes and amplify hate speech when shared widely online.
Violence, Abuse, and Criminal Exploitation
Any form of physical or emotional harm, coercion, or exploitation. Online, this can include threats of violence, harassment, or the use of digital platforms to exploit vulnerable individuals for criminal purposes.
Hate Speech
Speech that targets individuals or groups based on characteristics such as religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation, and violates laws against discrimination or incitement to violence. In the EU, illegal hate speech includes Holocaust denial, threats, and incitement to hatred.
Financial Crime
The use of fraudulent or illegal methods to gain financial benefits. Online hate groups may use crowdfunding or donations to finance activities that promote antisemitism or other forms of discrimination.
Suicide and Self-Harm
Content that promotes or glorifies suicide, self-injury, or harmful behaviors. This type of content can have a profound impact on vulnerable individuals and is subject to removal on most platforms.
Defamation
False statements made about an individual or group that harm their reputation. Online defamation often intersects with hate speech, spreading harmful stereotypes or lies to discredit individuals or communities.
Shocking and Graphic Content
Material that is highly disturbing, violent, or explicit, such as videos or images depicting abuse, death, or extreme cruelty. Exposure to such content can have significant psychological effects on viewers.
Conspiracy Theories
False beliefs that blame Jewish individuals or communities for societal or global problems. Common antisemitic conspiracies include the idea of a global Jewish cabal or financial domination.
Holocaust Denial
Claims that the Holocaust did not occur or attempts to minimize its scale and impact. This is a prominent form of antisemitic hate speech.
Antisemitism
Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities